Noncanonical inflammasomes are instrumental in defense against Gram-negative bacteria, activated primarily by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This review examines commonalities and distinctions in noncanonical inflammasome activation either by virulence factor activity indicating cellular invasion or by detection of bacterial mRNA signaling the undesired presence of live bacteria in sterile tissue. These inflammasome triggers, alongside other examples discussed, reflect properties exclusive to live bacteria. The emerging picture underscores noncanonical inflammasome activation hinging on detection of indicators of bacterial viability such as the presence of certain molecules or activity of specific processes. The complex interpretation of combinatorial signals is essential for inflammasome activation according to the specific facet of infection confronting the host. Decoding these signals and their convergence on inflammasome activation will inform interventions and therapies for infectious diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2024.102512 | DOI Listing |
Sci Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases. NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) is essential for inflammasome activation, and its interaction with NLRP3 is enhanced by K efflux. However, the mechanism by which K efflux promotes this interaction remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Rev Allergy Immunol
December 2024
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 3B.71, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects millions globally. Although glucocorticoids are a mainstay of asthma treatment, a subset of patients show resistance to these therapies, resulting in poor disease control and increased morbidity. The complex mechanisms underlying steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) involve Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte activity, neutrophil recruitment, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Res
January 2025
Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
Depression is a common and complex neuropsychiatric disorder affecting people of all ages worldwide, associated with high rates of relapse and disability. Neohesperidin (NEO) is a dietary flavonoid with applications in therapeutics; however, its effects on depressive-like behavior remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of NEO on depressive-like behavior induced by chronic and unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Background: The misfolding and aggregation of the tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles constitute a central feature of tauopathies. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as a potential risk factor, triggering the onset and progression of tauopathies. Our previous research revealed distinct polymorphisms in soluble tau oligomers originating from single versus repetitive mild TBIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background: An emerging theory suggests a link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and microbial infection. Notably, various microbes have been detected in the post-mortem brains of AD patients and murine models. However, there exists a gap in research concerning the presence and role of microbial infection in the AD retina, which shares common pathogenesis with the brain.
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