Purpose: Intraoperative neurologic monitoring can be useful, but transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) are sensitive to anesthetic agents. We compared the effects of anesthetics on the newly developed transesophageal motor evoked potentials (TeMEPs) with those on TcMEPs.
Methods: Eleven pigs (25.6 ± 0.8 kg) were anesthetized by desflurane inhalation, remifentanil was maintained at 0.5 µg/kg/min until the end of the experiment. End-tidal desflurane concentration was then maintained at 7, 4, 10, and 13%, and TcMEPs and TeMEPs were measured at each concentration. Desflurane was then discontinued and propofol was infused at 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg/h, and TcMEPs and TeMEPs were measured at each infusion dose. An electroencephalogram monitor was used to measure the hypnotic level.
Results: Both desflurane and propofol anesthesia decreased bispectral index in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001), replicating shallow (or adequate) to deep hypnotic levels in both anesthetic methods. The amplitude of TeMEPs was clearly larger than that of TcMEPs and was significantly larger at all anesthetic depths and all limb sites (P < 0.0001). Amplitudes of the lower extremities were lower than those of the upper extremities (P < 0.0001) for both TcMEPs and TeMEPs, but the amplitudes of TeMEPs were sufficiently large under desflurane as under propofol. The trend of concentration-dependent decrease in the amplitudes of TeMEPs under both anesthetics was not as apparent as in that of TcMEPs.
Conclusions: TeMEPs are more tolerant to anesthesia than TcMEPs and may be a promising MEP monitoring technique for the lower corticospinal tract.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-024-03443-0 | DOI Listing |
Exp Brain Res
January 2025
Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, Middlesex, UK.
The aim of this study was to assess if ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) can reduce pain perception and enhance corticospinal excitability during voluntary contractions. In a randomised, within-subject design, healthy participants took part in three experimental visits after a familiarisation session. Measures of pressure pain threshold (PPT), maximum voluntary isometric force, voluntary activation, resting twitch force, corticospinal excitability and corticospinal inhibition were performed before and ≥10 min after either, unilateral IPC on the right leg (3 × 5 min); a sham protocol (3 × 1 min); or a control (no occlusion).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Traditional tactile brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly those based on steady-state somatosensory-evoked potentials, face challenges such as lower accuracy, reduced bit rates, and the need for spatially distant stimulation points. In contrast, using transient electrical stimuli offers a promising alternative for generating tactile BCI control signals: somatosensory event-related potentials (sERPs). This study aimed to optimize the performance of a novel electrotactile BCI by employing advanced feature extraction and machine learning techniques on sERP signals for the classification of users' selective tactile attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
Due to the absence of studies supporting the role of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in intradural spinal tumors, this study evaluates the clinical outcome after these surgeries in relation to the use of the advanced intraoperative neurophysiological techniques. This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of two cohort groups in relation to the presence or absence of IONM during the intervention and the subsequent evaluation of the clinical and functional results in the short and medium terms. Ninety-six patients with extra- or intramedullary intradural spinal tumors operated on by the neurosurgery team of our center completed the current study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Radiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, IND.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has achieved popularity because it facilitates monitoring of the functional integrity of neural structures under general anesthesia. It aids in the early detection of injury and minimizes postoperative neurologic deficit or neurologic morbidity from surgical manipulations of various neurologic structures. The patient mentioned in this case report presented with lower limb radiculopathy and was diagnosed with diastematomyelia Type II, and she was planned for surgical intervention under general anesthesia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
January 2025
Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Dexterous motor skills, like those needed for playing musical instruments and sports, require the somatosensory system to accurately and rapidly process somatosensory information from multiple body parts. This is challenging due to the convergence of afferent inputs from different body parts into a single neuron and the overlapping representation of neighboring body parts in the somatosensory cortices. How do trained individuals, such as pianists and athletes, manage this? Here, a series of five experiments with pianists and nonmusicians (female and male) shows that pianists have enhanced inhibitory function in the somatosensory system, which isolates the processing of somatosensory afferent inputs from each finger.
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