Rotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis and dehydration in young children and animals worldwide, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries. In the past decade, substantial progress has been made in the development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines, which have been essential in alleviating the global burden of this disease, not only in human being but also in livestock species like calves and piglets, where these infections can cause significant economic losses. By synthesizing the latest research and real-world evidence, this review article is designated to provide deep insights into the current state of rotavirus vaccine technology and its global implementation as well as the application of rotavirus vaccines in veterinary settings and their importance in controlling zoonotic transmission and maintaining food security.
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Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take.
Gut Pathog
January 2025
Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production of interleukins 22 (IL-22) and IL-18, respectively. Here, we assessed whether a high abundance of flagellin at the time of vaccination would negatively affect the oral RV vaccine take.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine against hospital-attended rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Uganda.
Vaccine
January 2025
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address:
Background: The underlying causes for lower rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) in high-child-mortality settings are not well understood. Uganda introduced the human monovalent G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in June 2018. We determined the effectiveness of Rotarix against rotavirus diarrhea requiring hospital care among Ugandan children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRotavirus vaccine effectiveness and coverage among children younger than 5 years old in Shanghai, China: A test-negative case control study.
Vaccine
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Objectives: The number of post-marketing studies assessing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR, licensed in 2000 exclusively in China) and the oral human attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, licensed in China in 2018) in China is limited.
Methods: A test-negative case-control study based on prospective surveillance was conducted among diarrhea patients aged 5 years and younger at five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Cases and controls were defined based on the results of real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of fecal samples for rotavirus.
An improved reverse genetics system for rotavirus vaccine strain LLR using five plasmid vectors.
J Gen Virol
January 2025
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, PR China.
Species A rotaviruses (RVs), which belong to the family and contain a genome of 11 segmented dsRNA segments, are a leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and children younger than 5 years of age. We previously developed a strategy to recover rotavirus vaccine strain LLR from 11 cloned plasmids. Here, we report an improved reverse genetics system for LLR by combining two or three transcriptional cassettes in a single plasmid, which substantially enhances rescue efficiency from 66.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwins with at least one with CHD and their immunisation status in direct comparison-are both twins complying with the German immunisation recommendations?
Cardiovasc Diagn Ther
December 2024
Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Background: Patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are at higher risk for infectious diseases. This may partly be due to frequent hospital stays and the associated exposure to pathogens. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of immunisation coverage among twins in which at least one twin has CHD.
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