Severity: Warning
Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionqv32tp1odg7e2d6q35d5j7orm1ns2v3u): Failed to open stream: No space left on device
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)
Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
Line: 71
Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: insertAPISummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 8919
Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 255
Function: formatAIDetailSummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: getPubMedXML
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: require_once
This study investigates novel strategies to improve membrane performance and stability in the extraction of aromatic amines for chiral amine production. The effects of silica nanoparticle addition and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating were explored, with a focus on the selective extraction of α-methylbenzylamine (MBA) and 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine (MPPA) from isopropyl amine (IPA). This work introduces a comparative analysis between open and tight membrane extraction (ME) systems, with and without the ionic liquid (IL) [P][N(Tf)]. The results reveal that PDMS creates a uniform and dense coating, particularly on PTFE and PVDF supports, while silica nanoparticle coatings were less stable, retaining only 50 % of nanoparticles after ME testing. A PDMS-coated PTFE membrane achieved significantly higher solute fluxes of 1.12 ± 0.01, 1.66 ± 0.02, and 0.36 ± 0.08 g/(mh) for MBA, MPPA, and IPA, respectively, compared to an IL-wetted PTFE membrane, which was found to have fluxes of 0.60 ± 0.06, 1.01 ± 0.04, and 0.33 ± 0.10 g/(mh) for the same solutes. A reduction in the pore size of the PTFE support further increased the fluxes to 1.74 ± 0.28, 2.75 ± 0.25, and 0.45 ± 0.08 g/(mh) for MBA, MPPA, and IPA, respectively, achieving selectivity values of 3.83 ± 0.65 for MBA/IPA and 6.24 ± 0.88 for MPPA/IPA. Although IL impregnation marginally improved selectivity, it caused a significant reduction in solute fluxes. The PDMS coating retained 92.1 % of its mass after 24 h, while the IL retained 87.2 % over the same period. Compared to the tested IL, which presents safety concerns due to its flammability and corrosiveness, PDMS coatings provide a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative, as PDMS is non-toxic and does not bioaccumulate. These findings underscore the superior performance and environmental benefits of novel PDMS-coated membranes in tight ME setups compared to IL-based open ME systems.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.12.050 | DOI Listing |
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