Anthelmintic resistance occurs worldwide in strongyles of ruminants but data from low-income countries are sparse and rarely apply most up to date methods, while effects of management practices in these countries are poorly documented. In Mozambique, benzimidazole resistance has been previously reported; the present study followed this up in detail, applying in vivo faecal egg count (FEC) reduction test (FECRT), in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and molecular deep amplicon sequencing approaches targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2, nemabiome) and the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene to determine the resistance status on farms and the strongyle species involved. Adult Landim goats (433) from six semi-intensive and ten extensive farms (22-30 animals/farm) from Maputo Province were visited April 2021 to February 2022. Fenbendazole (5 mg/kg bw, Panacur®) was administered orally and FEC determined using Mini-FLOTAC. The eggCounts package was used to calculate FECRs with 90% confidence intervals from paired day 0 and 14 data. In vivo and in vitro tests detected AR on 5/16 (31%) farms. This included 1/10 extensive and 4/6 semi-intensive farms. The odds of finding resistant strongyles on a semi-intensive commercial farm was 40-fold higher than on an extensive farm (p = 0.016, logistic regression). A strong, negative correlation was observed between FECRT and EHT EC values (Pearson's R = -0.83, P = 0.001; Cohen's κ coefficient 1.0). Nemabiome data showed that Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and unclassified Oesophagostomum closely related to Oesophagostomum columbianum were most abundant before treatment and in particular H. contortus frequencies increased after treatment. Benzimidazole resistance associated polymorphisms were detected in H. contortus and T. colubriformis. Moreover, there were hints that resistance alleles were present in Trichostrongylus axei and Teladorsagia circumcincta. Farmers should regularly test the efficacy of anthelmintics used and consider more sustainable worm control approaches to reduce selection for resistance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100572 | DOI Listing |
BMC Glob Public Health
February 2024
Health Alliance International, Maputo, Moçambique.
Background: In 2021, there were approximately 450,000 cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) worldwide. The treatment of DR-TB historically included expensive and toxic injectable drugs leading to adverse effects including ototoxicity and Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities. This study described the perspectives of healthcare providers and people with DR-TB on the usability of simplified audiometry and ECG for monitoring treatment adverse effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist
December 2024
Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. de Moçambique 1.5 Km, Maputo, Mozambique; Higher Polytechnic Institute of Gaza (ISPG), Chòkwé, Gaza, Mozambique. Electronic address:
Anthelmintic resistance occurs worldwide in strongyles of ruminants but data from low-income countries are sparse and rarely apply most up to date methods, while effects of management practices in these countries are poorly documented. In Mozambique, benzimidazole resistance has been previously reported; the present study followed this up in detail, applying in vivo faecal egg count (FEC) reduction test (FECRT), in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and molecular deep amplicon sequencing approaches targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2, nemabiome) and the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene to determine the resistance status on farms and the strongyle species involved. Adult Landim goats (433) from six semi-intensive and ten extensive farms (22-30 animals/farm) from Maputo Province were visited April 2021 to February 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Trop Med Hyg
November 2024
PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership (MACEPA), Seattle, Washington.
Since 2015, the Zambia National Malaria Elimination Centre has conducted routine data quality audits in Central, Southern, and Western provinces, but trends in data reporting accuracy have not been examined. Routine data quality audit data collected at health facilities reporting into the monthly health management information system (HMIS) and weekly malaria rapid reporting system (MRRS) were used to measure data reporting accuracy trends from 2015 to 2022 and potential influencing factors using three data elements: outpatient department attendance and rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-tested cases for HMIS and MRRS, total confirmed cases for HMIS only, and RDT-positive cases for MRRS only. Reporting accuracies for HMIS and MRRS data elements and the percentage of facilities reporting with high accuracy (≥85%) improved over this period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
November 2024
Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Manhiça, Mozambique
Introduction: Malaria molecular surveillance has the potential to generate information on biological threats that compromise the effectiveness of antimalarial interventions. This study aims to streamline surveillance activities to inform the new strategic plan of the Mozambican National Malaria Control Programme (2023-2030) for malaria control and elimination.
Methods And Analyses: This prospective genomic surveillance study aims to generate genetic data to monitor diagnostic failures due to deletions and molecular markers of antimalarial drug resistance, to characterise transmission sources and to inform the implementation of new antimalarial approaches to be introduced in Mozambique (chemoprevention and child malaria vaccination).
Am J Trop Med Hyg
November 2024
Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Maputo, Mozambique.
Conventional diagnostic systems struggled to meet the fluctuating demand for testing across the different waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the walkthrough (WT) approach in extending access to COVID-19 testing to high-risk populations traditionally underrepresented at health facilities (HFs) and to observe its impact on testing demand. An interventional study was implemented in markets (WT markets) and ports (WT ports) in Maputo City and Province, Mozambique.
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