With the advent of human neuroimaging, researchers were drawn to the idea that by better understanding the human brain, more effective mental health interventions could be developed. It has been more than 20 years since the first functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were conducted to examine changes in brain activation with anxiety-related treatments and more than 60 studies have since been published in this vein. For the current review, we conduct a systematic review of this literature, focusing on adult studies using task-based fMRI to measure brain activation changes with pharmacologic or psychotherapy interventions for phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroscientific theories of anxiety-related disorders and their treatment have focused on prefrontal-insula-amygdala networks. Treatment-related decreases in amygdala and/or anterior insula activation were identified as the most consistent finding across disorders, with the most consistent results reported for specific phobia. Directionality of change and specific regions implicated in the prefrontal cortex were inconsistent across studies. The potential importance for probing other networks and processes as mechanisms of anxiety treatment was recognized, such as striatal regions underlying inhibitory learning or reward responsivity. Future treatment-fMRI research related to anxiety disorders would benefit from larger sample sizes, use of more nuanced computational approaches, and increased focus on replication. There is continued promise that fMRI research will enhance our understanding of how treatments work and inform the evolution of more effective or personalized mental health treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_549 | DOI Listing |
Cancer Treat Rev
December 2024
SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain; Statistics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
Introduction: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab-govitecan (SG) provided significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) improvements over chemotherapy (CT) in pretreated hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and triple-negative (TN)/HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, no direct comparison between the two exists, nor with the more recent datopotamab-deruxtecan (Dato-DXd).
Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare efficacy and safety of T-DXd and SG in CT-pretreated HR+ and TN/HER2-low MBC and assess their benefit over standard CT, exploring also a comparison with Dato-DXd.
Expert Opin Pharmacother
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal university, Ismailia, Egypt.
Introduction: Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (α1-ARA) are well established treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Since BPH and erectile dysfunction (ED) are commonly concomitant conditions, the importance of addressing the potential role of α1-ARA in patients with ED is rising.
Methods: We systemically reviewed literature for studies that assessed erectile function (EF) indices in relation to α1-ARA use.
Transfusion
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses a significant global health burden, warranting meticulous management strategies, particularly in patients with concurrent anemia. Blood transfusion strategies play a pivotal role in optimizing oxygen delivery while minimizing transfusion-related risks. Two contrasting approaches, liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies, have emerged, yet their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain due to conflicting evidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge Ageing
November 2024
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Objectives: To investigate the effects of non-pharmacological treatments on sarcopenic obesity (SO).
Methods: A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SO was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models for MDs.
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