Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.
Published: December 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
We demonstrate an approach to creating nanoscale potentials in van der Waals layers integrated with a buried programmable ferroelectric layer. Using ultra-low-voltage electron beam lithography (ULV-EBL), we can program the ferroelectric polarization in AlBN (AlBN) thin films, generating structures with sizes as small as 35 nm. We demonstrate the ferroelectric field effect with a graphene/vdW stack on AlBN by creating a p-n junction. This resist-free, high-resolution, contactless patterning method offers a new pathway to integrate ferroelectric films with a wide range of two-dimensional layers including transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMD), enabling arbitrary programming and top-down creation of multifunctional devices.
The study investigates the use of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) in treating heavily calcified chronic total occlusions (CTOs), noting that calcification leads to worse patient outcomes.
It analyzes data from 404 patients, finding that procedural success rates and safety outcomes were similar for both CTO and non-CTO patients.
The conclusion emphasizes that IVL is effective and safe for managing heavily calcified lesions, supporting its use in clinical practice.
Multi-b-value diffusion-weighted MRI techniques can measure brain tissue properties but face challenges due to SNR and the selection of b-values for accurate data gathering.
This study uses a genetic algorithm to determine the most effective b-values for estimating interstitial fluid in the brain, comparing its performance to other sampling methods.
Results showed that the optimized b-value scheme significantly reduced the root mean square error (RMSE), improving the accuracy of the diffusion component estimation related to interstitial fluid.
Objectives: A minimally invasive lobectomy (MIL) is the standard treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in medically operable patients. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is recommended for inoperable patients and has been proposed as a potential alternative for operable patients as well. Here, we present the results of a feasibility study in preparation for a nationwide retrospective cohort study, comparing outcomes between both treatment modalities.
The study evaluated the effectiveness of a specific IgE test for diagnosing peanut allergies in children, aiming to reduce reliance on more invasive food challenge tests.
It involved 150 children aged 3.5 to 18 in the Netherlands, comparing results from the IgE test with actual peanut ingestion to determine allergy status.
The findings showed high diagnostic accuracy for the IgE test, identifying patients as peanut-tolerant or allergic, and potentially saving healthcare costs by using this method instead of national guidelines.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: Neonates and infants requiring anaesthesia are at risk of physiological instability and complications, but triggers for peri-anaesthetic interventions and associations with subsequent outcome are unknown.
Methods: This prospective, observational study recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. The primary aim was to identify thresholds of pre-determined physiological variables that triggered a medical intervention.
