Trigger warnings aim to help people emotionally prepare for potentially disturbing material or avoid the material altogether. There has been a lively debate in society and academia whether the widespread use of trigger warnings helps, harms, or has no substantial impact. Recent meta-analytic evidence suggests trigger warnings have no effect on people's emotional reaction, avoidance, and comprehension. They do however heighten a negative anticipatory reaction. We examined students' attitudes toward trigger warnings in a non-English-speaking country - Germany, and whether their beliefs about the effects of trigger warnings on themselves and others match the meta-analytic evidence. Students held relatively positive attitudes toward trigger warnings and advocated their use. Their beliefs about the effects of trigger warnings however did not concur well with the actual effects. Our findings suggest that making students aware of the empirical evidence on trigger warnings would benefit discussions around trigger warnings.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00332941241308788 | DOI Listing |
Math Biosci
January 2025
Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, VA, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, VA, USA.
Public health interventions reduce infection risk, while imposing significant costs on both individuals and the society. Interventions can also lead to behavioral changes, as individuals weigh the cost and benefits of avoiding infection. Aggregate epidemiological models typically focus on the population-level consequences of interventions, often not incorporating the mechanisms driving behavioral adaptations associated with interventions compliance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Physiol
December 2024
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States.
Insight into human physiology is key to maintaining diver safety in underwater operational environments. Numerous hazardous physiological phenomena can occur during the descent, the time at depth, the ascent, and the hours after a dive that can have enduring consequences. While safety measures and strict adherence to dive protocols make these events uncommon, diving disorders still occur, often with insufficient understanding of the factors that triggered the event.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
December 2024
Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China. Electronic address:
Int J Biometeorol
December 2024
Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major global health concern as it is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and economic burden to the health care systems. In Germany, more than 15,000 people die every year from CAP. Climate change is altering weather patterns, and it may influence the probability and severity of CAP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:
Soil potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution, especially in karst regions, poses significant ecological risks due to the unique geological features and environmental conditions. This study focuses on the delayed geochemical hazard (DGH) model to assess the progressive risks of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contamination in the surface soils of karst regions in southwestern China. The study found that Pb and Cd pollution in karst areas presents ecological risks, with the region's high porosity and alkaline soils facilitating the transformation of pollutants from stable to mobile forms.
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