Lipoprotein(a) distribution in hospitalised Asian patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a common hyperlipidaemic condition with strong genetic predisposition and is independently associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). A Mendelian randomisation study has suggested that elevated Lp(a) is likely to confer similar causal risks as heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia for premature IHD. We aimed to characterise the clinical profiles of admitted patients with IHD with at least one Lp(a) measurement. We also investigated whether elevated Lp(a) concentration was associated with premature onset of IHD.

Methods: This is a descriptive, non-interventional, retrospective study with data from a single tertiary hospital IHD Lp(a) cohort in Singapore, which consecutively recruited 521 patients with IHD admitted to the hospital.

Results: A total of 82.2% were men, 46.6% had newly diagnosed IHD and 10% had premature IHD. The median Lp(a) levels was 35.2 nmol/L. 70.8% of patients had normal Lp(a) concentrations (<70 nmol/L), 13.4% of people with Lp(a) ⩾ 70 to <120 nmol/L and 15.7% of patients with Lp(a) ⩾ 120 nmol/L. Lp(a) distribution was positively skewed to the right for all ethnicities. Patients of Indian ethnicity and of female gender had higher levels of Lp(a) compared with other ethnicities and gender, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis identified Lp(a) ⩾ 155 mmol/L to be associated with development of premature IHD (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.26-6.67,  = 0.012).

Conclusion: There exist differences in Lp(a) distribution across ethnicities and gender. The subgroup analysis suggests that Lp(a) ⩾ 155 mmol/L was associated with premature onset of IHD.