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Lithium extraction from low-quality brines. | LitMetric

Lithium extraction from low-quality brines.

Nature

Center of Energy Storage Materials and Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

Published: December 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • The growing demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy emphasizes the need for better lithium extraction methods due to environmental concerns from traditional production methods.
  • Low-quality brines, like those from geothermal fluids and seawater, offer extensive lithium reserves but pose challenges due to their lower concentrations and higher magnesium content.
  • The review discusses recent advancements in lithium extraction techniques, including various separation methods, and calls for innovation to harness the potential of these low-quality brine sources for sustainable lithium production.

Article Abstract

In the quest for environmental sustainability, the rising demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies has substantially increased the need for efficient lithium extraction methods. Traditional lithium production, relying on geographically concentrated hard-rock ores and salar brines, is associated with considerable energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater depletion and land disturbance, thereby posing notable environmental and supply chain challenges. On the other hand, low-quality brines-such as those found in sedimentary waters, geothermal fluids, oilfield-produced waters, seawater and some salar brines and salt lakes-hold large potential owing to their extensive reserves and widespread geographical distribution. However, extracting lithium from these sources presents technical challenges owing to low lithium concentrations and high magnesium-to-lithium ratios. This Review explores the latest advances and continuing challenges in lithium extraction from these demanding yet promising sources, covering a variety of methods, including precipitation, solvent extraction, sorption, membrane-based separation and electrochemical-based separation. Furthermore, we share perspectives on the future development of lithium extraction technologies, framed within the basic principles of separation processes. The aim is to encourage the development of innovative extraction methods capable of making use of the substantial potential of low-quality brines.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08117-1DOI Listing

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