A decision support tool or system is a computerized information system used to support decision-making in a business; one central component to profitable dairy cattle production systems is the appropriate mating of bulls and females. While tools have been described to aid mating decisions between dairy bulls and dairy females, or between beef bulls and beef females, there is a void of such tools that recommend which beef bull to mate to individual dairy females. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a framework, founded on linear programming, to aid herd-level mating decisions where the bull-female mating is tailored based on complementarity and compatibility of both mates; consideration in the process was given to the genetic merit of both mates for a series of traits as well as the life history of the female herself. Traits considered in the linear function to be maximized in the linear programming procedure were those related to calving performance traits (i.e., calving dystocia, perinatal mortality and gestation length) and subsequent beef performance (i.e., docility, feed intake, and carcass merit); each trait was weighted in the linear function by its respective economic importance. First, a calibration and validation data set from a national database were generated using data truncated on calendar year to validate predictions of progeny performance. Expected performance of progeny was based on a combination of estimated genetic merit and non-genetic effects which would be available at the time of mating. The direction of the associations in the validation population was in line with expectations and, in many instances, the extent of the association was close to expectation. Using real dairy cow data of 284,334 cows from 1,535 herds, 6 randomly chosen candidate beef bulls of multiple breeds were selected per herd for mating assignments to all cows, each with an equal number of matings. Bull-cow matings were assigned either at random or using the developed linear programming framework. While the mean expected genetic merit of the hypothetical progeny was the same for both scenarios (as expected), the bull-cow assignments proposed by the linear programming mating framework were assortative in nature. Bulls with a greater genetic risk of dystocia in their progeny were, on average, recommended for mating to cows that, genetically, were less likely to experience calving dystocia based on their direct and maternal estimates of genetic merit. Similarly, where possible, bulls that genetically were expected to produce, on average, heavy and more conformed carcass progeny were mated to cows whose progeny were expected to have lighter and less conformed carcasses based on the genetic merit inherited from the cow. A case study of one large dairy herd illustrating in more detail how the linear programming-based mating algorithm operates is also presented especially in relation to assortative mating for calving dystocia and carcass merit. The validated linear programming-based mating decision support tool presented in this study describes a digital framework for aiding decision making in beef-on-dairy herd breeding programs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25600 | DOI Listing |
J Chromatogr A
December 2024
Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery (G2D2), Eisai, Inc. 35 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA.
The current study investigates the use of mixed-mode chromatography as a combination of anion-exchange (AEX) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) for the analysis and purification of single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides with stereo-controlled phosphorothioate inter- nucleotide linkages. Initially a Scherzo-SS-C18 trimodal stationary phase with reversed-phase/AEX/ cation-exchange (CEX) functionalities is systematically evaluated to reveal the presence of U-shaped retention composed of two retention modes namely AEX and HIC, where the latter was also observed on related trimodal Scherzo SM and SW analogues. For the first time, retention and separation of deprotected oligonucleotides was described on a single mixed-mode column using a combination of AEX and HIC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Dept. of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany.
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors which organize differentiation processes in all tissue types including the hematopoietic compartment. Recently, we have reported physiological expression of TALE-class homeobox gene IRX1 in early myelopoiesis restricted to the megakaryocyte-erythroid-progenitor stage and in early B-cell development to the pro-B-cell stage. In contrast, sister homeobox genes IRX2, IRX3 and IRX5 are aberrantly activated in the corresponding malignancies acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and B-cell progenitor acute lymphoid leukemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
() genes play significant roles in plant development and stress responses. Difficulties in somatic embryogenesis are a significant constraint on the uniform seedling production and genetic modification of , hindering efforts to improve coffee production in Yunnan, China. This study comprehensively analyzed genes in three species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
November 2024
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Breast cancer poses a substantial health challenge for women globally. Recently, there has been a notable increase in scholarly attention regarding polyphenols, primarily attributed to not only the adverse effects associated with conventional treatments but also their immune-preventive impacts. Polyphenols, nature-derived substances present in vegetation, including fruits and vegetables, have received considerable attention in various fields of science due to their probable wellness merits, particularly in the treatment and hindrance of cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Syst Evol Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
A novel Gram-stain-positive, black-pigmented bacterium, designated as WL48A , was isolated from the surface of badland sedimentary rock in the Red Desert of Wyoming and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Good growth occurred at 28-32 °C, pH 7-9, and NaCl less than 1% (w/v). Colonies, growing well on International Streptomyces Project media (ISP) 3 and ISP 7, were black and adhering to the agar.
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