Review: Gut microbiota: Therapeutic targets of ginseng polysaccharides against multiple disorders.

As biological macromolecules, ginseng polysaccharides (GP) are often difficult to be directly absorbed through the intestinal cell membrane. It has been found that it can regulate gut microbiota by acting as a prebiotic, and then play a therapeutic role in some diseases, such as diarrhea, tumour, diabetic, dementia, obesity. With the deepening of research, we found that the role played by GP as a prebiotic cannot be ignored. Not only that, it can also affect the immunity and the metabolism and absorption of ginsenosides to play a synergistic role. Overall, GP can regulate the diversity of gut microbiota, which in turn affects the synthesis of secondary metabolites. GP also promotes the transformation of ginsenosides, leading to improved absorptivity of these compounds. This review aims to provide a deeper understanding of how GP interacts with the gut microbiota in various disorders and the transformation of ginsenosides. By exploring these interactions, we can gain valuable insights into the potential benefits of GP in managing different health conditions and enhancing the bioavailability of ginsenosides.