Global Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

J Clin Exp Hepatol

Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • * The incidence of HCC varies significantly worldwide, with the highest rates in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses, while rising cases in Western countries are associated with increasing alcohol abuse and metabolic issues like steatosis liver disease.
  • * Prevention strategies differ by region and emphasize vaccination against hepatitis B, antiviral treatments, moderation of alcohol consumption, and lifestyle changes to tackle obesity and reduce the risk of MASLD-related HCC.

Article Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and a significant global health challenge due to its high mortality rate. The epidemiology of HCC is closely linked to the prevalence of chronic liver diseases, the predominant etiology being hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). HCC incidence varies widely globally, with the highest rates observed in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. This geographic disparity is largely attributed to the endemicity of HBV and HCV in these regions. In Western countries, the incidence of HCC has been rising, driven by increasing rates of alcohol abuse and the presence of steatosis liver disease. MASLD-associated HCC has a higher body mass index, a higher rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and association with cardiovascular diseases. Steatosis-associated HCC is also known to develop in the absence of cirrhosis, unlike alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis. Prevention strategies vary by region, focusing on vaccination against HBV, antiviral treatments for HBV and HCV, alcohol moderation, and lifestyle interventions along with weight reduction to reduce obesity and incidence of MASLD-related HCC incidence.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626783PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2024.102446DOI Listing

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