The Cultural Consonance Space: Multiplicities and Enactments of Male Body Ideals in South Korea.

Cultural consonance, defined as the extent to which one is able to approximate a given cultural model in one's own life, is a highly adaptive theory and method which anthropologists have used for decades to demonstrate direct connections between individuals' variation in relation to meaning systems and their health outcomes. However, it has been limited by use of a "cultural consonance score" which treats cultural consonance unidimensionally. Because people enact cultural models in multiple ways, cultural consonance may be better operationalized multidimensionally. Applying correspondence analysis to young South Korean men's responses to a cultural consonance scale measuring their approximation of the local ideal male body, cultural consonance is rather demonstrated to be a multiplicity. In the case of South Korean men's body ideals, two dimensions-men's overall attractiveness and whether they pursue a "flower boy" or a "beastly man" embodiment-are identified. These two dimensions are also significantly associated with university prestige and sexual identity, and predict disordered eating beyond body dissatisfaction. These data suggest that well-being in relation to cultural consonance is a product of its assemblage: both of degree of approximation of a cultural model and the manner by which individuals enact it.