Global warming and rising surface temperatures are adversely affecting organisms. As the use of pesticides increases, concerns about their impacts on non-target organisms are growing. However, climate warming and pesticides may interact to produce combined effects on organisms. In this study, we exposed the geckos (Gekko japonicus) to different doses of spirotetramat (0, 15, and 30 mg/kg) and at different temperatures (25 °C and 30 °C) for 30 days. To investigate the effects of warming and spirotetramat on the trade-off in life-history traits of G. japonicus, we analyzed the energy allocation of the geckos under environmental stress. The results showed that females tended to allocate a significant amount of energy for self-maintenance and reduce investment in reproduction, which is a "conservative" life-history strategy. In contrast, males adopted a "risky" life-history strategy, tending to increase investment in reproduction while reducing immunity. However, in the long run, both reducing energy allocation towards reproduction and reducing investment in immunity can have adverse effects on the sustainable development of the population.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177978 | DOI Listing |
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