Emerging paradigm: Molecularly targeted therapy with Dabrafenib and Trametinib in recurring pediatric gliomas with BRAF mutations: A narrative review.

Gliomas are tumors arising in the central nervous system, frequently associated with Class I mutations and BRAF fusions. These mutations are adverse prognostic factors in juvenile gliomas, leading to high rates of recurrence and poor response to current treatments. The blood-brain barrier and the heterogeneity of gliomas complicate the development of a single treatment strategy for all cases. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapies, particularly Dabrafenib and Trametinib, in pediatric gliomas with BRAF V600 mutations and discusses their potential in improving clinical outcomes. A review of recent clinical trials was conducted to assess the impact of targeted therapies, especially the combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib, on glioma treatment outcomes. Additional therapies are also explored. Combination therapy with Dabrafenib, a BRAF kinase inhibitor, and Trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, has shown significant improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival for pediatric patients with BRAF V600-mutant gliomas. Recent clinical data from 2023 demonstrated enhanced tumor control, reduced relapse rates, and improved safety profiles compared to conventional therapies. Dabrafenib and Trametinib offer a promising targeted therapy for juvenile gliomas with BRAF V600 mutations, with better survival outcomes and manageable safety profiles. However, challenges remain in managing side effects such as fever, headache, lethargy, and rash. Further research into resistance mechanisms and long-term effects is necessary to optimize treatment strategies. Other therapies, such as everolimus and Selumetinib, also show potential and warrant further investigation.