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Peptide-based inhibitors and nanoparticles: Emerging therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. | LitMetric

Peptide-based inhibitors and nanoparticles: Emerging therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.

Int J Pharm

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States; Biotechnology Science and Engineering Program, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States. Electronic address:

Published: December 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder leading to memory loss and cognitive decline, with millions affected and no known cure yet.
  • Research has historically focused on targeting amyloid-β (Aβ), but new studies are shifting towards tackling tau protein and brain metal ions, utilizing peptide-based inhibitors due to their selectivity and low toxicity.
  • Nanoparticles (NPs) are being explored as delivery systems for these peptide-based inhibitors, aiming to enhance their stability and effectiveness in crossing the blood-brain barrier and ultimately improving treatment outcomes for AD.

Article Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite significant research into its cellular and molecular mechanisms, no cure has been found to treat AD to date. For over two decades, research aimed at treating AD has focused on targeting amyloid-β (Aβ); however, these strategies have not demonstrated substantial effectiveness. Consequently, research is now expanding towards targeting other hallmarks of the disease, such as tau protein and brain metal ions. Among potential therapeutics against these pathophysiological targets, peptide-based inhibitors are notable for their high selectivity and low toxicity. Despite these advantages, they face obstacles such as a short half-life in vivo and low efficiencies in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The use of nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver peptide-based inhibitors to the brain offers unique advantages, such as enhanced stability against degradation, improvement in targeted delivery, and reduced potential for immunogenic responses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging peptides tested as treatments for AD against Aβ, tau protein, and brain metal ions and to evaluate NPs as a means to overcome the limitations. These peptide-based inhibitors are promising, as they not only alleviate symptoms but also aim to prevent progressive neuronal loss, and NPs can be highly effective in delivering these inhibitors.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.125055DOI Listing

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