Investigations into the role of vitamin D (vitD) in the immune response of cattle are limited. The objectives of this study were therefore to investigate the association between circulating vitD concentration, tuberculosis (TB) vaccination, and infection outcomes in 24 dairy calves (<8 wk old) that were housed throughout and fed a BW-based allowance. The study design incorporated 2 phases: vaccination (experimental wk 0-52) and experimental infection phase (wk 52-65). Vaccinated calves (n = 12) received a subcutaneous injection of a live attenuated TB strain at wk 0, whereas unvaccinated ones (n = 12) were injected with saline. All animals were infected with 7,600 cfu of 52 wk postvaccination, and lung and lymph node tissues were assessed for pathology following euthanasia after wk 65. Blood samples were taken throughout wk 0 to 65. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured using a commercial ELISA. A mixed-effects linear regression model revealed significantly higher 25(OH)D concentrations in the vaccinates postinfection (wk 65) compared with the nonvaccinates. Linear regression analysis between 25(OH)D concentration and the level of -driven pathology revealed a negative linear relationship (i.e., higher concentrations were associated with lower pathology scores) irrespective of vaccination status. No correlation was detected between IFN-γ cytokine production and vitD concentration. Overall, the results support an impactful role for vitD in the development of effective immunity of cattle against . Gaining insight into the interaction between TB vaccination, infection, and vitD could potentially guide the optimization of vaccination protocols and future TB control strategies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2024-0547 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Importance: Access to appropriate postpartum care is essential for improving maternal health outcomes and promoting maternal health equity.
Objective: To analyze the impact of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) home visiting program on use of routine and emergency postpartum care.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that enrolled eligible participants between 2016 and 2020 to receive NFP or usual care from a South Carolina Medicaid program.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore.
Importance: Initiating effective therapy early is associated with improved survival among patients hospitalized with gram-negative bloodstream infections; furthermore, providing early phenotype-desirable antimicrobial therapy (PDAT; defined as receipt of a β-lactam antibiotic with the narrowest spectrum of activity to effectively treat the pathogen's phenotype) is crucial for antimicrobial stewardship. However, the timing of targeted therapy among patients hospitalized with gram-negative bloodstream infections is not well understood.
Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes between patients who were hospitalized with Enterobacterales bloodstream infections receiving early vs delayed PDAT.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
December 2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China.
The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound and lasting impact on the mental health of recovered individuals. To investigate the clinical risk factors associated with long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 survivors, demographic information and medical records were collected during February 19 and March 20, 2020. Assessments of PTSS, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were conducted at two months (April to May 2020, Session 1) and two years (April to May 2022, Session 2) post-discharge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
December 2024
Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Service, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, Colonia Doctores, 06726, Mexico City, Mexico.
Purpose: To describe the clinical features and identify mortality risk factors in descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) complicating deep neck abscesses (DNA) among patients admitted to the ICU.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care public hospital. Data were collected from July 2017 to July 2024.
Oper Orthop Traumatol
December 2024
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, (CHUV), Rue de Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Objective: Minimally invasive percutaneous techniques are used to stabilize fractures of the anterior pelvic ring. Stabilization of the fracture facilitates early mobilization and rehabilitation, while percutaneous techniques reduce complications such as infection and bleeding.
Indications: Indicated for patients with non- or minimally displaced fractures of the anterior pelvic ring, or if fracture displacement can be reduced using minimally invasive techniques.
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