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Background: While the high accuracy of reported AI tools for melanoma detection is promising, the lack of holistic consideration of the patient is often criticized. Along with medical history, a dermatologist would also consider intra-patient nevi patterns, such that nevi that are different from others on a given patient are treated with suspicion.
Objective: To evaluate whether patient-contextual lesion-images improves diagnostic accuracy for melanoma in a dermoscopic image-based AI competition and a human reader study.
Methods: An international online AI competition was held in 2020. The task was to classify dermoscopy images as melanoma or benign lesions. A multi-source dataset of dermoscopy images grouped by patient were provided, and additional use of public datasets was permitted. Competitors were judged on area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) on a private leaderboard. Concurrently, a human reader study was hosted using a subset of the test data. Participants gave their initial diagnosis of an index case (melanoma vs. benign) and were then presented with seven additional lesion-images of that patient before giving a second prediction of the index case. Outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity.
Results: The top 50 of 3308 AI competition entries achieved AUROC scores ranging from 0.943 to 0.949. Few algorithms considered intra-patient lesion patterns and instead most evaluated images independently. The median sensitivity and specificity of human readers before receiving contextual images were 60.0% and 86.7%, and after were 60.0% and 85.7%. Human and AI algorithm performance varied by image source.
Conclusion: This study provided an open-source state-of-the-art algorithm for melanoma detection that has been evaluated at multiple centres. Patient-contextual images did not positively impact performance of AI algorithms or human readers. Providing seven contextual images and no total body image may have been insufficient to test the applicability of the intra-patient lesion patterns.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.20479 | DOI Listing |
Background Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, contributes to a majority of skin cancer fatalities globally. It carries a grim prognosis with a high propensity for early metastasis. People are not aware of moles, their natural course of progression, and skin self-examination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEye (Lond)
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.
Background: The lacrimal caruncle, a nodular structure located at the inner canthus, contains a variety of tissue types, leading to diverse clinical manifestations of its lesions. Caruncular lesions, though rare, may be benign or malignant, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical profiles, histopathological features, and management strategies for caruncular lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWiad Lek
December 2024
STATE INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE ≪CENTER OF INNOVATIVE HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGIES≫ STATE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT, KYIV, UKRAINE; STATE INSTITUTION ≪NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF SURGERY AND TRANSPLANTATION NAMED AFTER O. O. SHALIMOV TO NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE≫, KYIV, UKRAINE.
Objective: Aim: To investigate the incidence of progression and median time for metastasizing, the development of recurrent localization, and to identify localizations with a high tendency to recurrence of melanoma during 10 years of patient follow-up observation.
Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: The retrospective data of dynamic observation by dermatovenereologists of SIS ≪CIHT≫ SAD of 183 patients with skin melanoma for the period 2014 - first half of 2024.
Results: Results: Among 183 cases of melanoma, 23 cases (12,6%) were detected in stage III and 11 cases (6,0%) in stage IV, so the neglect rate was 18,6%.
Cureus
November 2024
Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo, PRT.
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare malignancy typically associated with poor prognosis, particularly in elderly patients. Here, we present the case of an 85-year-old female patient with a three-month history of progressive dysphagia and heartburn-related epigastric pain. Endoscopy revealed a polypoid esophageal lesion, confirmed as melanoma via biopsy with positive immunohistochemical staining for Melan-A and SOX-10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Cancer
November 2024
University of Perugia, Unit of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cutaneous melanoma diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Cutaneous melanomas are excised with one to two-centimeter safety margins. For a correct stage classification and treatment decision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy shall be offered in patients with tumor thickness ≥ 1.
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