An arabinogalactan (ICPA) was extracted from the medicinal and edible plant Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai., and ICPA exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activity. In this research, the impact of ICPA on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis was investigated. The results indicated that ICPA ameliorated the symptoms of colitis mice including loss of body weight, decrease of disease activity index, shortness of colon length and reduction of spleen index that caused by DSS. After treatment with ICPA, inflammatory cell infiltration and crypt loss were alleviated, and the number of goblet epithelial cells was enriched. ICPA inhibited the overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NLRP3, and promoted the secretion of IL-10 in colon tissues. Meanwhile, the intestinal barrier integrity was restored through increasing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin. ICPA could also regulate the structure of gut microbiota through elevating the abundance of Turicibacter and Bifidobacterium, and decreasing the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes. In addition, ICPA improved the depression-like behavior of UC mice, and reduced the expression of proteins NLRP3, GFAP, and Iba-1 in brain tissues. These results suggested ICPA had an alleviative effect on UC and accompanied depression-like behavior, and could be developed as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of UC.
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