Chemotherapeutic potential of radotinib against blood and solid tumors: A beacon of hope in drug repurposing.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a pivotal class of targeted therapies in oncology, with multiple generations developed to address diverse molecular targets. Imatinib is the first TKI developed to target the BCR-ABL1 chimeric protein, which is the key driver oncogene implicated in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Several second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2GTKIs), such as nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and radotinib (RTB), followed the groundbreaking introduction of imatinib. RTB occupies the unique position of being the least explored member of this class. While nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib have garnered significant attention and extensive research focus, RTB remains relatively uncharted in comparison to its counterparts. Fundamental drug characteristics, such as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of RTB, remain unavailable in existing sources. Compared to other 2GTKIs, RTB has been less utilized in combinatorial drug studies, and no investigations have been reported on its effects on solid tumors to date. However, the effects of RTB have been studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM), Parkinson's disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although RTB has been investigated in some conditions, these studies are still in their preliminary stages and are comparatively lesser than studies on other 2GTKIs. This review is the first attempt that extensively presents a compilation of data on RTB and describes its therapeutic potential against blood and solid tumors. Further investigations on RTB could expand its chemotherapeutic usage in various solid tumors and enhance the possibility of drug repurposing in cancer therapy.