We provide illustrated dichotomous keys for the identification of final (4th) instar larvae of south-east Asian genera of Chironomidae (Diptera), predominantly from aquatic (freshwater and maritime) habitats. The region considered comprises oriental China, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia (west and east), Brunei, Singapore and Indonesia. Eight subfamilies are represented and phylogenetically validated tribes are keyed. Terminal taxa, listed in the sequence used in this guide, comprise 28 genera of Tanypodinae, 71 of Chironominae, 2 of Podonominae, 1 of Buchonomyiinae, 8 of Diamesinae, 2 of Protanypodinae, 5 of Prodiamesinae, 2 of Telmatogetoninae and 61 of Orthocladiinae. The morphology terminology is standard for larval Chironomidae to which users are referred. Illustrations of selected features are provided as photographs with important details labelled. Short summaries of ecology and concise details of selected species and regional / global distribution are provided in brackets under each entry. Some suspect new synonymy is alluded to, but will be addressed formally in more detail elsewhere.
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We provide illustrated dichotomous keys for the identification of final (4th) instar larvae of south-east Asian genera of Chironomidae (Diptera), predominantly from aquatic (freshwater and maritime) habitats. The region considered comprises oriental China, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia (west and east), Brunei, Singapore and Indonesia. Eight subfamilies are represented and phylogenetically validated tribes are keyed.
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Zootaxa
August 2024
Universidad de la República; Facultad de Ciencias; Sección Limnología; Iguá 4225; 11400 - Montevideo; Uruguay.
Article Synopsis
- * It documents 41 genera, which are classified into four distinct subfamilies: Chironominae, Diamesinae, Orthocladiinae, and Tanypodinae.
- * The list also includes genera without specific named species, primarily identified through examination of larval traits, mainly from freshwater research.
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Mol Ecol Resour
January 2025
Department of Environmental Sciences, Geoecology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Chironomidae, so-called non-biting midges, are considered key bioindicators of aquatic ecosystem variability. Data derived from morphologically identifying their chitinous remains in sediments document chironomid larvae assemblages, which are studied to reconstruct ecosystem changes over time. Recent developments in sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) research have demonstrated that molecular techniques are suitable for determining past and present occurrences of organisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehavioral Responses of Larvae as Proxies for Cyanobacterial Metabolite Interactions: Insights from Ternary Combinations.
Environ Sci Technol
October 2024
Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland.
This study aimed to assess the behavioral responses (immobilization, horizontal and vertical motility, and response to light) of larvae exposed to individual cyanobacterial metabolites aeruginosin 98B (AER-B), anabaenopeptin-B (ANA-B), and cylindrospermopsin (CYL), and their binary and ternary mixtures. The investigation revealed that single metabolites ANA-B and CYL exhibited the highest potency in immobilizing the larvae. Notably, the binary mixture AER-B+CYL induced a remarkably strong synergistic interaction, while other tested binary and ternary mixtures demonstrated antagonistic effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroplastics alter toxicity of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis to chironomid larvae in different ways depending on particle size.
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America; Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Service, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America. Electronic address:
Microplastics (<5 mm) are emerging freshwater contaminants that can have a wide range of effects on aquatic biota. One concern is that combined effects of microplastics (MPs) with other stressors, such as co-occurring contaminants in urban or agricultural runoff may be significant even when the direct effects of MPs may be modest. Despite the frequent detection of both insecticides and MPs in freshwater ecosystems, there is a lack of co-exposure studies of insecticides (especially Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti)) and MPs.
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