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Conflicting Dynamics of Galling and Pollination: (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a Specialized Parasitic Galler in Pistillate Flowers of (Araceae).

Plants (Basel)

December 2024

Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-130, SP, Brazil.

In the complex dynamics of plant-insect interactions, the specialized galling of reproductive structures presents unique evolutionary adaptations. This study investigates the parasitic relationship between (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an ovary-galling wasp, and the inflorescences of (Araceae). We employed field experiments and histological analyses to investigate the mechanisms driving this interaction.

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The evolution of diverse and novel morphological traits is poorly understood, especially how symbiotic interactions can drive these adaptations. The extreme diversity of external traits in insect-induced galls is currently explained by the Enemy Hypothesis, in which these traits have selective advantage in deterring parasitism. While previous tests of this hypothesis used only taxonomic identity, we argue that ecologically functional traits of enemies (i.

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Two new species of the genus Andricus Hartig, 1840 (Cynipidae: Cynipini), Andricus ismaili Tataroğlu & Katılmış sp. n. asexual generation on Quercus infectoria Olivier and Andricus musaazmazi Tataroğlu & Katılmış sp.

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