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Department of Bioengineering and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address:
Published: December 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Drug delivery vectors enhance the effectiveness of therapies such as small molecules and nucleic acid drugs but face challenges in releasing therapeutic cargo in specific conditions.
Recent advancements focus on creating acid-degradable and enzyme-cleavable linkages for better performance in endolysosomal release.
Key innovations include stable azido-acetal linkers, organocatalytic methods for making asymmetric ketals, and linkers activated by enzymes like cathepsin B and β-galactosidase for improved drug delivery.
Article Abstract
Drug delivery vectors have the potential to improve the efficacy of therapeutics, including small molecules and nucleic acid-based drugs. However, challenges remain in developing linkages that enable the precise and efficient release of therapeutic cargo in response to mildly acidic environments or lysosomal enzymes. This review highlights recent advances in acid-degradable acetal/ketal and enzyme-cleavable linkages for endolysosomal release. These innovations include the developments of azido-acetal linkers with improved stability and hydrolysis kinetics, organocatalytic trans-isopropenylation for synthesizing asymmetric ketals and their applications in drug delivery, and enzyme-cleavable linkers activated by cathepsin B or β-galactosidase.
