Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) adopt ensembles of rapidly fluctuating heterogeneous conformations, influencing their binding capabilities and supramolecular transitions. The primary conformational descriptors for understanding IDP ensembles-the radius of gyration (), measured by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the root mean square (rms) end-to-end distance (), probed by fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-are often reported to produce inconsistent results regarding IDP expansion as a function of denaturant concentration in the buffer. This ongoing debate surrounding the FRET-SAXS discrepancy raises questions about the overall reliability of either method for quantitatively studying IDP properties. To address this discrepancy, we introduce a genetically encoded anomalous SAXS (ASAXS) ruler, enabling simultaneous and direct measurements of and without assuming a specific structural model. This ruler utilizes a genetically encoded noncanonical amino acid with two bromine atoms, providing an anomalous X-ray scattering signal for precise distance measurements. Through this approach, we experimentally demonstrate that the ratio between and varies under different denaturing conditions, highlighting the intrinsic properties of IDPs as the primary source of the observed SAXS-FRET discrepancy rather than shortcomings in either of the two established methods. The developed genetically encoded ASAXS ruler emerges as a versatile tool for both IDPs and folded proteins, providing a unified approach for obtaining complementary and site-specific conformational information in scattering experiments, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of protein functions.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648921 | PMC |
Acta Neuropathol Commun
December 2024
Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Severity and outcome of strokes following cerebral hypoperfusion are significantly influenced by stress responses of the blood vessels. In this context, brain endothelial cells (BEC) regulate inflammation, angiogenesis and the vascular resistance to rapidly restore perfusion. Despite the relevance of these responses for infarct volume and tissue recovery, their transcriptional control in BEC is not well characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Background: Mucolipidosis (ML) II and III alpha/beta are lysosomal disorders caused by mutations in the GNPTAB gene which encodes the alpha and beta subunits of the heterohexameric enzyme, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase.
Method: To explore the clinical and molecular characteristics of the 20 ML II and III alpha/beta patients, clinical data was collected and GNPTAB gene was analyzed by nest PCR and direct Sanger-sequencing. The activity of several lysosomal enzymes was measured in the plasma.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi
December 2024
Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214023, China.
The present study was aimed to produce the recombinant protein of allergen component 32 (Tyr p 32) and to identify its immunoreactivity. The cDNA encoding Tyr p 32 was amplified from total RNA of and inserted into pET-28a (+) vector. The constructed plasmid pET-28a (+)-Tyr p 32 was transformed into BL21 (DE3) receptor cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: Most of the loss-of-function mutations described in children with central precocious puberty (CPP) is located into the coding regions of MKRN3 or DLK1 genes. Notably, potential abnormalities in the regulatory regions of these CPP-genes are rarely explored.
Objective: To search for pathogenic variants in the regulatory regions of MKRN3 and DLK1 genes in patients with familial or idiopathic CPP.
Vaccine
December 2024
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:
In Brazil, at least four lineages of influenza A virus circulate pig population: 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic (pH1N1), human-seasonal origin H3N2, H1N1 and H1N2 (huH1 lineages) viruses. Studies related to the occurrence of swine influenza A virus (SIAV) in Brazilian herds have been detecting an increase of occurrence of huH1 lineages. This study aimed to construct recombinant vaccines against the huH1N1 virus and test the immunogens in a murine model.
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