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Biosphere Sciences and Engineering Division, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Published: December 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Animals pick up specific gut bacteria from their surroundings that help them survive and thrive.
For a symbiotic bacterium to thrive in the gut, it needs to attach to host tissues via specialized proteins called adhesins.
This study uses live imaging to show how a specific bacterium effectively colonizes the fruit fly's foregut, utilizing host-specific adhesins and genetic features to maintain a stable presence.
Article Abstract
Animals selectively acquire specific symbiotic gut bacteria from their environments that aid host fitness. To colonize, a symbiont must locate its niche and sustain growth within the gut. Adhesins are bacterial cell surface proteins that facilitate attachment to host tissues and are often virulence factors for opportunistic pathogens. However, the attachments are often transient and nonspecific, and additional mechanisms are required to sustain infection. In this work, we use live imaging of individual symbiotic bacterial cells colonizing the gut of living to show that specifically recognizes the fruit fly foregut as a distinct physical niche. establishes stably within its niche through host-specific adhesins encoded by genes carried on a colonization island. The adhesin binding domains are conserved throughout the Lactobacillales, and the island also encodes a secretion system widely conserved among commensal and pathogenic bacteria.
