The effect of micro-movement on prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in overweight patients undergoing posterior lumbar surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In posterior lumbar surgery, overweight patients are more prone to intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) due to bleeding, longer operative time, and increased pressure. The current prevention strategies have limited effects.

Methods: This was a single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted from April 2023 to September 2024. Eligible participants were overweight patients (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²) scheduled for lumbar posterior surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the micro-movement group and the silicone foam dressing group. The micro-movement group had regular adjustments to the operating table to change the patient's position and alleviate pressure. The silicone foam dressing group used standard foam dressings at pressure points.

Results: A total of 277 patients were included in the analysis (137 in the micromovement group and 140 in the silicone foam dressing group). Compared with the silicone foam dressing group (8.6%), the incidence of IAPI in the micromovement group was significantly reduced (2.9%) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of IAPI stage, duration, or location (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The micromovement protocol is a safe and effective method for preventing IAPI in overweight patients undergoing posterior lumbar surgery. This simple intervention could significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs associated with IAPI.