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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
School of Medical & Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Background: Parkinson's disease is a hypokinetic disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPc) region of mid-brain. Dopaminergic degeneration of neurons is considered to be due to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurons mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate excitotoxicity etc. Inosine a purine nucleoside has been reported to produce anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory actions in previous studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeine in a Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Model are Regulated through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway.
Int J Biol Sci
January 2025
Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common cause of death and long-term disabilities in term neonates. Caffeine exerts anti-inflammatory effects and has been used in neonatal intensive care units in recent decades. In our neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, we demonstrated that a single daily dose of caffeine (40 mg/kg) for 3 days post-HI reduced brain tissue loss and microgliosis compared to the vehicle group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Neuroprotective therapy for age-related macular degeneration].
Vestn Oftalmol
December 2024
West Siberian Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tyumen, Russia.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic multifactorial degenerative eye disease and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on the predominant pathological mechanism leading to photoreceptor death. AMD is associated with molecular and cellular disruptions that ultimately result in photoreceptor degeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulatory T cell expansion prevents retinal degeneration in type 2 diabetes.
J Neuroinflammation
December 2024
Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
Background: The global incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing, with retinopathy being its most common complication and a leading cause of preventable blindness. Although the precise mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are not fully understood, defective immunomodulation is a recognized key factor in its pathophysiology. Regulatory T cells (Treg) regulate inflammation and promote regeneration, and while they are known to have important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles in other tissues, including central nervous system, their role in the diabetic retina remains largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbnormal Astrocyte Heterogeneity in the Dentate Gyrus of Rats Prone to Audiogenic Seizures Can Be Corrected by the Nootropic Drug Piracetam.
Hippocampus
January 2025
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Accumulating evidence indicates that inherited astrocyte dysfunction can be a primary trigger for epilepsy development; however, the available data are rather limited. In addition, astrocytes are considered as a perspective target for the design of novel and improvement of the existing antiepileptic therapy. Piracetam and related nootropic drugs are widely used in the therapy of various epileptic disorders, but detailed mechanisms of racetams action and, in particular, their effects on glial functions are poorly understood.
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