Slow-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist implants are frequently used for contraception in male dogs. Although the effects are fully reversible, there is still concern about the safety of the implant's mode of action. Addressing this, we investigated cellular stress and androgen receptor (AR) signaling during downregulation and recovery. Testicular tissues were sampled from dogs castrated at different time points after GnRH implant removal and compared with untreated controls. AR, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1A), heat shock proteins heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), heat shock protein 73 (heat shock cognate, HSPA8) (HSP73), heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2), heat shock protein 90 alpha (inducible isoform) (HSP90AA1), and heat shock protein 90 beta (constitutive isoform) (HSP90AB1) were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and AR, HSP72, HSP73, and HSP90 immunohistochemically. While AR, HIF1A, and HSP70 were upregulated at gene expression level, HSPA8, HSPA2, and HSP90AA1 expression were downregulated during spermatogenic arrest; HSP90AB1 expression did not change. Immunohistochemistry verified AR-expression in Sertoli, peritubular, and Leydig cells, occasionally also in spermatogonia. Stress-inducible HSP72 was occasionally detected, while constitutive HSP73 and HSP90 were abundantly expressed by germ cells. Our results were similar to studies on seasonal breeders such as pine voles, geese, fish, and soft-shelled turtles. Accordingly, GnRH implants did not impose additional cellular stress on testicular cells when compared with natural recrudescence. Since comparative data on HIF1α are scarce, we cannot draw conclusions about hypoxic conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstres.2024.11.007 | DOI Listing |
Inflammation
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Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) is implicated in antitumor immunity. However, the exact role of ERs in mediating the effects of dendritic cells (DCs) is not unclear. In this study, we explored the role of exosomes derived from ER-stressed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in the antitumor effects of DCs and the precise underlying mechanism.
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December 2024
Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
During the establishment of the symbiosis with legume plants, rhizobia are exposed to hostile physical and chemical microenvironments to which adaptations are required. Stress response proteins including small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) were previously shown to be differentially regulated in bacteroids induced by bv. viciae UPM791 in different hosts.
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December 2024
Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China.
This paper performed a comprehensive study of the thermal nonequilibrium effects of CO/Ar mixtures with various degrees of N2 additions and probed the N2 relaxation behaviors via the CO rovibrational thermometry. The rovibrational temperature time histories of shock-heated CO/N2/Ar mixtures were measured via a laser-absorption technique, and the corresponding vibrational relaxation data were summarized at 1890-3490 K. The measured results were compared with predictions from the Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld (SSH) formula and the state-to-state (StS) approach (treating CO and N2 as pseudo-species).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
Hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal is a sustainable and clean energy source. However, its development progress is hindered by creating seepage channels in deep reservoirs with low porosity and permeability. Traditional hydraulic fracturing techniques are ineffective for enhancing the permeability of these high-strength reservoirs.
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