The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin inhibits long QT 3 late sodium currents in a mutation specific manner.

J Mol Cell Cardiol

Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 7-55 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address:

Published: December 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), such as empagliflozin, show potential heart protection benefits in individuals with or without diabetes and can inhibit a key cardiac sodium current linked to congenital long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3).
  • Researchers used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to study how empagliflozin affects late sodium current (late I) in various LQT3 mutations of the Nav1.5 channel.
  • Empagliflozin specifically inhibited late I in certain mutations without altering channel kinetics, suggesting it could be an effective targeted treatment for patients with LQT3 mutations in the inactivation gate area.

Article Abstract

Background: Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) like empagliflozin have demonstrated cardioprotective effects in patients with or without diabetes. SGLT2is have been shown to selectively inhibit the late component of cardiac sodium current (late I). Induction of late I is the primary mechanism in the pathophysiology of congenital long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) gain-of-function mutations in the SCN5A gene encoding Nav1.5. We investigated empagliflozin's effect on late I in thirteen known LQT3 mutations located in distinct regions of the channel.

Methods: The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on late I in recombinantly expressed Nav1.5 channels containing different LQT3 mutations. Molecular modeling of human Nav1.5 and simulations in a mathematical model of human ventricular myocytes were used to extrapolate our experimental results to excitation-contraction coupling.

Results: Empagliflozin selectively inhibited late I in LQT3 mutations in the inactivation gate region of Nav1.5, without affecting peak current or channel kinetics. In contrast, empagliflozin inhibited both peak and late I in mutations in the S4 voltage-sensing regions, altered channel gating, and slowed recovery from inactivation. Empagliflozin had no effect on late/peak I or channel kinetics in channels with mutations in the putative empagliflozin binding region. Simulation results predict that empagliflozin may have a desirable therapeutic effect in LQT3 mutations in the inactivation gate region.

Conclusions: Empagliflozin selectively inhibits late I, without affecting channel kinetics, in LQT3 mutations in the inactivation gate region. Empagliflozin may thus be a promising precision medicine approach for patients with specific LQT3 mutations.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.11.014DOI Listing

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The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin inhibits long QT 3 late sodium currents in a mutation specific manner.

J Mol Cell Cardiol

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Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 7-55 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
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  • Researchers used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to study how empagliflozin affects late sodium current (late I) in various LQT3 mutations of the Nav1.5 channel.
  • Empagliflozin specifically inhibited late I in certain mutations without altering channel kinetics, suggesting it could be an effective targeted treatment for patients with LQT3 mutations in the inactivation gate area.
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