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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Membrane lipid compromise is also related to AD pathology, a large family of enzymes such as phospholipases that act on membrane integrity, cell signaling, and cellular processes is impaired during the disease phase. Membrane integrity is affected by the B amyloid by the pathological process of AD, moreover, releasing neurotoxic enzymes and vesicles consequently losing important neurotransmitters. Dysregulation of phospholipase D (PLD) can disrupt the plasma membrane and potentially contribute to worsening AD pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of Snake Venom Proteins in Inducing Inflammation Post-Envenomation: An Overview on Mechanistic Insights and Treatment Strategies.
Toxins (Basel)
December 2024
School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India.
The intricate combination of organic and inorganic compounds found in snake venom includes proteins, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, and metal ions. These components work together to immobilise and consume prey through processes such as paralysis and hypotension. Proteins, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, form the primary components of the venom.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotoxic phospholipase A: A proposed cause of equine grass sickness and other animal dysautonomias (multiple system neuropathies).
Equine Vet J
January 2025
National Research Council Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Proteomic Profiling of Venoms from and : Enzymatic Activities and Toxicity Assessment.
Toxins (Basel)
November 2024
Animal Toxin Group, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
Kraits are venomous snakes of the genus from the family . Their venom typically demonstrates neurotoxicity; however, the toxicity is significantly influenced by the snake's species and geographical origin. Among the species, and have been poorly studied, with little to no information available regarding their venom composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTop-down proteomics of venoms from five Micrurus species from Costa Rica: Comparative composition of phospholipase A-rich vs three-finger toxin-rich phenotypes.
Toxicon
December 2024
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Coralsnakes from the genus Micrurus, which includes over 80 species across the Americas, have highly toxic venoms that can cause severe respiratory issues and potentially death.
- Their venom primarily consists of three-finger toxins (3FTx) and group I phospholipase A (PLA) proteins, with different species showing varying dominance of these toxins, possibly linked to their evolutionary history.
- A new study used a top-down proteomics approach on venoms from five Costa Rican Micrurus species, revealing common venom proteoforms and offering deeper understanding of venom complexity and the 3FTx/PLA protein balance.
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