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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) materials as hole transport layers (HTL) have led organic solar cells (OSCs) to state-of-the-art photovoltaic performance. Nonetheless, the impact of the alkyl spacer length of SAMs remains inadequately understood. To improve the knowledge, four dichloride-substituted carbazole-based SAMs (from 2Cl-2PACz to 2Cl-5PACz) with spacer lengths of 2-5 carbon atoms is developed. Single crystal analyses reveal that SAMs with shorter spacers exhibit stronger intermolecular interactions and denser packing. The molecular conformation of SAMs significantly impacts their molecular footprint and coverage on ITO. These factors result in the highest coverage of 2Cl-2PACz and the lowest coverage for 2Cl-3PACz on ITO. OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO with 2Cl-2PACz as HTL achieved high efficiencies of 18.95% and 18.62% with and without methanol rinsing of the ITO/SAMs anodes, corresponding to monolayer and multilayer structures, respectively. In contrast, OSCs utilizing the other SAMs showed decreased efficiencies as spacer length increased. The superior performance of 2Cl-2PACz can be attributed to its shorter spacer, which reduces series resistance, hole tunneling distance, and barrier. This work provides valuable insights into the design of SAMs for high-performance OSCs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202410277 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom.
Conjugated polymers (CPs) with polar side chains can conduct electronic and ionic charges simultaneously, making them promising for bioelectronics, electrocatalysis and energy storage. Recent work showed that adding alkyl spacers between CP backbones and polar side chains improved electronic charge carrier mobility, reduced swelling and enhanced stability, without compromising ion transport. However, how alkyl spacers impact polymer backbone conformation and, subsequently, electronic properties remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFG3 (Bethesda)
December 2024
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1.
The release of heavy metals from industrial, agricultural, and mining activities poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems by degrading water quality and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage DNA in aquatic organisms. Daphnia is a widespread keystone species in freshwater ecosystems that is routinely exposed to a range of anthropogenic and natural stressors. With a fully sequenced genome, a well-understood life history and ecology, and an extensive library of responses to toxicity, Daphnia serves as an ideal model organism for studying the impact of environmental stressors on genomic stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Spine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
The bioactive glass-ceramic spacer (BGS)-7, a biosynthetic intervertebral fusion material introduced in 2014, has not been the subject of comparative clinical studies on anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery. This study, for the first time, aims to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of the renewed BGS-7, released in 2019, with those of an allograft spacer. The comparison includes a finite element analysis of the biomechanical properties of each implant, adding a novel dimension to the research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Orthopedic Surgery Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.
This case report presents a three-year follow-up of a young male with bilateral hindfoot fractures due to a high-energy road traffic accident, resulting in a comminuted open calcaneal fracture on the left and an open fracture-dislocation of the right talus. Staged reconstruction was performed, including initial debridement, temporary cement spacers, and subsequent fixation with femoral head allografts (FHAs). The right foot underwent a tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusion, and the left foot received a double arthrodesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFData Brief
December 2024
Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
The Heptageniidae family stands out as one of the most abundant and widespread among mayflies, distinguished by its unique mitochondrial characteristics in intergenic spacers and duplication of transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. In this dataset, we present the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of (Navás, 1912), a member of the Heptageniidae family of mayflies. The total length of the mitogenome was determined to be 15,362 base pairs, encompassing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 23 tRNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes.
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