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Nanometric precipitates in metallic alloys often have highly anisotropic shapes. Given the large grain size and non-random texture typical of these alloys, performing small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) measurements on such samples for determining their characteristics (typically size and volume fraction) results in highly anisotropic and irreproducible data. Rotations of flat samples during SAXS/WAXS acquisitions are presented here as a solution to these anisotropy issues. Two aluminium alloys containing anisotropic precipitates are used as examples to validate the approach with a -45°/45° angular range. Clear improvements can be seen on the SAXS () fitting and the consistency between the different SAXS/WAXS measurements. This method-ology results in more reliable measurements of the precipitate's characteristics, and thus allows for time- and space-resolved measurements with higher accuracy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600576724009294 | DOI Listing |
Small
December 2024
Chair for Functional Materials, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
Mesoporous titania thin films offer promising applications in sensors, batteries, and solar cells. The traditional soft templating methods rely on high-temperature calcination, which is energy-intensive, incompatible with thermosensitive flexible substrates, and destructive for titania structures. This work demonstrates UV irradiation as a versatile low-temperature and energy-saving alternative for mesoporous crystalline titania fabrication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
December 2024
Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
Superinsulating nanofibrillar cellulose foams have the potential to replace fossil-based insulating materials, but the development is hampered by the moisture-dependent heat transport and the lack of direct measurements of phonon transport. Here, inelastic neutron scattering is used together with wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small angle neutron scattering to relate the moisture-dependent structural modifications to the vibrational dynamics and phonon transport and scattering of cellulose nanofibrils from wood and tunicate, and wood cellulose nanocrystals (W-CNC). The moisture interacted primarily with the disordered regions in nanocellulose, and WAXS showed that the crystallinity and coherence length increased as the moisture content increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Synchrotron Radiat
January 2025
Department of Physics, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.
3D mixed perovskites have achieved substantial success in boosting solar cell efficiency, but the complicated perovskite crystal formation pathway remains mysterious. Here we present detailed crystallization kinetics of mixed perovskites FAMAPb(IBr), where FA is formamidinium and MA is methylammonium, with the addition of Cs to form a triple cation perovskite (3-CAT), in a comparison with the perovskite building block MAPbI (MAPI) via static grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and micro-diffraction measurements. Spin-coated films produced α-perovskite peaks with no PbI or δ-intermediate phases, which was a promising result for the 3-CAT perovskite from micro-diffraction measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Metasurfaces have shown great potential in achieving low-cost and low-complexity signal enhancement and redirection. Due to the low transmission power and high attenuation issues of current high-frequency communication technology, it is necessary to explore signal redirection technology based on metasurfaces. This paper presents an innovative metasurface for indoor signal enhancement and redirection, featuring thin thickness, high gain, and wide-angle deflection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNatl Sci Rev
December 2024
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Solid additive engineering has been intensively explored on morphology tuning for highly efficient all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), a promising photovoltaic technology towards multi-scenario application. Although the nano-fibrillar network of the active layer induced by additive treatment is confirmed as the key factor for power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs, its formation mechanism is not clearly revealed, for lack of precise and convincing real-time observation of crystallization and phase separation during the liquid-to-solid transition process of spin-coating. Herein we report an grazing incidence wide-angle/small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) screening that reveals the fact that naphthalene derived solid additives can suppress the aggregation of the polymer acceptor (PY-IT) at the beginning stage of spin coating, which provides sufficient time and space for the polymer donor (PM6) to form the fibril structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!