A Case Study on Undernutrition among Children under Five Years of Age in Barangay Calumpang, Nagcarlan, Laguna.

Background: In 2020, Barangay Calumpang, a 2 class municipality in Nagcarlan, Laguna recorded the highest prevalence of undernutrition among children under five years of age out of the 52 barangays.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to describe the factors possibly causing undernutrition among children under five years of age in Barangay Calumpang and provide key recommendations to improve their nutritional status.

Methods: The study used a descriptive research design wherein secondary data from the 2020 Barangay Management Information System (BMIS) and Operation Timbang (OPT) 2021 was merged to extract the children's data. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the principal component analysis (PCA) and creation of the wealth index. The children's nutrition situation and profile were also cross-tabulated.

Results: We included 28 children. Undernutrition was more prevalent in boys than girls. Most of the children had improved water sources, sanitation facilities, and waste disposal methods. The wealth index showed that half of the subjects were in the lower quintiles, and all were partially immunized. The most prevalent forms of undernutrition were severe underweight (36%) and severe stunting (39%). Other forms of undernutrition were also present in the barangay, such as underweight (14%) and severe wasting (14%). There was also a prevalence of 11% for both stunting and wasting.

Conclusion: Undernutrition was more frequent in boys, lower quintile households (stunting), and partially immunized children. Conducting gender-targeted nutrition programs, developing nutrition-focused livelihood programs, increasing awareness on the advantages of immunization, and promoting proper infant and child feeding practices were some of the recommendations given to improve the nutritional status of children under five.