One of the challenges of evidence-based medicine is balancing population-level findings with individualized care. Average treatment effect studies, including cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, offer insights into factors affecting disease likelihood at group level or subgroup level (precision medicine), but are limited in predicting individual outcomes. This limitation arises because average treatment effect studies operate within a probabilistic causal framework, indicating how likely a disease is when a certain individual or contextual factor is present: if X, then probably Y.
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Investigation of the Effect of Lymphedema Self-Care Patient School on Functionality, Quality of Life, Lymphedema Volume, and Body Value in Patients with Lower Extremity Lymphedema: A Quasi-Experimental Study.
Lymphology
January 2024
Palliative Care, Ege University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
This study examined the effect of lymphedema self-care patient school education on patient functionality, quality of life, body value, and lymphedema volume in patients with lower extremity lymphedema. The study utilized a single-group quasi-experimental design. The study sample included 21 patients with primary and secondary lower extremity lymphedema.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA case of severe TBI: Recovery?
Appl Neuropsychol Child
January 2025
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA.
Chronic stage neuropsychological assessments of children with severe TBI typically center around a referral question and focus on assessing cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functioning, making differential diagnoses, and planning treatment. When severe TBI-related neurological deficits are subtle and fall outside commonly assessed behavioral indicators, as can happen with theory of mind and social information processing, they can go unobserved and subsequently fail to be assessed. Additionally, should chronic stage cognitive, behavioral, and emotional assessment findings fall within the average to above average range, a child experiencing ongoing significant unassessed severe TBI-related subtle deficits could be mistakenly judged to have "recovered" from their injury; and to be experiencing no significant ongoing residual neurological deficits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStrategies for Fidelity Monitoring a Solution-Focused Brief Intervention in a Randomized Clinical Trial.
J Clin Psychol Med Settings
January 2025
Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Integrated Care (IC) models have increased, but the current mechanisms to analyze the efficacy and fidelity of behavioral interventions within IC models are limited. A mixed methods concurrent process evaluation was used within the context of a randomized clinical trial to assess intervention fidelity for a Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) intervention implemented within an IC model. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to develop a participant survey and charting template for the SFBT intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRace and Ethnicity as Factors in Healthcare Discrimination in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
January 2025
Medical Group Population Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Background And Purpose: Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on certain characteristics. Discrimination in health care can impede access to quality care for patients and lead to poor health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate factors, including race and ethnicity, associated with discrimination in health care in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of transgene on salt tolerance of tobacco.
Transgenic Res
January 2025
Forest Department, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
To explore the effects of salt-tolerance gene accumulation on salt tolerance in transgenic plant, we used four types of plant expression vector (N27, N28, N29, and N30) carrying mtlD, mtlD + gutD, mtlD + gutD + BADH, mtlD + gutD + BADH + sacB genes respectively, to transform tobacco through Agrobacterium-mediated method. Transgenic lines were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Transgenic lines and non-transgenic plant (CK) were subjected to 6‰ sodium chloride solution stress; then, fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and salt tolerance indexes were used to assess characteristics.
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