Given the adverse effects of tonalide (AHTN) on aquatic organisms and humans, coupled with the limitations of current detection methods, which are time-consuming, require expensive equipment and complicated sample preparation procedures, there is a clear need to develop a new technique for detecting AHTN that is highly sensitive, rapid, cost-effective and efficient. In this study, a new simple electrochemical sensor for the determination of AHTN in aqueous environments was developed for the first time through the in-situ polymerization of an AHTN-imprinted polymer on the surface of a graphene (G)-modified carbon electrode (GCE). Following a series of comparative tests, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the novel AHTN molecularly imprinted sensor (AHTN-MIP/G/GCE) has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for monitoring AHTN. The results demonstrate that the linear detection range of the current response of the AHTN-MIP/G/GCE electrode to AHTN was 0.01 μM-4 μM (i.e., 2.584 μg/L-1033.6 μg/L), with a detection limit of 2.3 × 10⁻⁹ M (i.e., 594.32 ng/L), following the optimization of the experimental conditions. Furthermore, the new sensor was successfully employed for the detection of AHTN in water samples, with recoveries of 97.1%-108.2 % with the added standards. Consequently, the new electrochemical sensor demonstrated good stability and acceptable reproducibility. This study provides a new method for the future detection of AHTN in the aqueous environment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2024.115730 | DOI Listing |
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