Hyperactivity of the IL-33-ILC2s-IL-13-M-MDSCs axis promotes cervical cancer progression.

The interleukin-33(IL-33) - group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) - interleukin-13(IL-13) - monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) axis plays a critical role in promoting immune evasion in tumors; however, its specific function in cervical cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we observed that the proportion of IL-33-ILC2s-IL-13-M-MDSCs were significantly elevated in both cervical cancer patients and the subcutaneous U14 cervical cancer mouse model, compared to normal controls. Our results suggest that IL-33 stimulates ILC2s to secrete IL-13, which, in turn, regulates M-MDSCs to enhance their immune evasion capabilities. Notably, in vitro blockade of IL-33 and IL-13 partially restored the levels and functions of both ILC2s and M-MDSCs. In conclusion, these findings imply that the overactivation of the IL-33-ILC2s-IL-13-M-MDSCs axis may contribute to cervical cancer progression. However, further in vivo blockade studies are required to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying this interaction and to assess its potential therapeutic implications for cervical cancer.