Diagnostic efficacy of combined high- and low-frequency ultrasound in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ureteral obstruction in leukemia patients.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of high- and low-frequency ultrasound (H&LFUS) in the imaging of post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) ureteral obstruction in leukemia patients.

Methods: A total of 103 patients who received HSCT for leukemia were included in this retrospective study. Patients underwent examinations using high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS), and the combined use of H&LFUS approach. Baseline data, clinical laboratory parameters, and clinical parameters were compared among the groups. Ultrasound findings and diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were also analyzed to assess the diagnostic value of the imaging modalities.

Results: The investigation demonstrated no statistically significant distinctions in demographic, baseline, and clinical parameters among the HFUS group, LFUS group, and H&LFUS group. Nonetheless, notable differences emerged in the detection rates of specific ultrasound abnormalities, encompassing ureteral dilatation, wall thickening, urine flow obstruction, hydronephrosis, bladder wall thickening, and renal masses. Regarding diagnostic performance metrics, H&LFUS approach exhibited superior efficacy across sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy, registering rates of 91.43%, 88.57%, and 90%, respectively, surpassing those of the individual HFUS and LFUS methodologies.

Conclusion: The amalgamation of H&LFUS techniques manifests as a formidable diagnostic modality, characterized by heightened sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy.