Studying Mitotic Phosphorylation in Drosophila.

Mitosis is largely controlled by the reversible phosphorylation of effector proteins. The addition or removal of phosphate groups alters the activities of these proteins, resulting in changes in chromosome structure, cytoskeletal dynamics, nuclear envelope integrity, and other transformations that must occur as a cell progresses through mitosis. Drosophila has been instrumental in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of mitosis, which are mostly conserved among animals. In this model system, sophisticated genetic tools can be used to study mitosis in different tissues during development in vivo. Drosophila cell culture affords complementary possibilities. In this chapter, we present a phosphoproteomic protocol using Drosophila cell culture to identify phosphorylation sites that depend on mitotic kinases and phosphatases. We also provide protocols to dissect the roles of the identified sites in the regulation of protein interactions and localization during mitosis, using Drosophila embryos. We emphasize the advantages of the selected methods compared to possible alternatives in Drosophila or in other systems.