Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) after in-utero exposure to opioids remains a significant public health concern. NAS is a highly variable condition in which presentation and severity cannot be explained by clinical factors alone. Research in human subjects has identified both genetic and epigenetic associations with prenatal opioid exposure and NAS severity, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, DNA methylation differences, and gene expression modifications. Animal studies have also identified key gene pathways that are likely important contributors to NAS phenotype. The clinical significance of identified genetic associations with NAS are unclear and warrant further study to see how they could impact NAS management.
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Comparisons of management approaches in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: The eat, sleep, console approach vs. the Finnegan approach.
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Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Increased incidence of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome has prompted innovation in assessment and management approaches. The Finnegan Approach and the Eat, Sleep, Console are the two most commonly described approaches, though they differ substantially. The goals of this review article are to describe and compare these approaches and published outcomes, including areas of uncertainty that may inform future directions.
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Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Electronic address:
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