'Maybe we're not past the traditional gender roles then!' Exploring less than full-time training among men in Scotland: a qualitative study.

Objectives: A more sustainable work-life balance is desired by trainees, and increasing access to flexibility in training may improve staff morale and retention. Although a number of less than full-time (LTFT) trainees are increasing, only a minority identify as men. This study aimed to explore the perception and experience of LTFT training among postgraduate medical trainees (PMTs) identifying as men in Scotland.

Design: We carried out a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with 26 male trainees who had current or previous personal experience of training LTFT in Scotland. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and data was analysed inductively and iteratively using thematic analysis.

Results: Our work identified four main themes: (1) , (2) , (3) and (4) . Being an 'ideal worker' was felt to gain respect among peers and enhance masculine identity. Participants described the persistence of implicit and explicit gender norms and felt, at best, unusual and, at worst, stigmatised by their decision to train LTFT. Personal and professional benefits to LTFT training were highlighted; however, experience was varied and influenced by personal circumstances and departmental support. Both perceptual and practical barriers for male LTFT applicants were identified.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the influence of training environment and culture on LTFT applications in Scotland. Multifaceted interventions targeting medical culture, the LTFT application process, workforce planning and communication with trainees are recommended.