Driving mechanisms of the spatial distribution of industrial parks and the relative hazard level of the surrounding environment.

Analyzing the formation mechanisms of industrial parks and quantitatively evaluating the related hazard levels are important for understanding the development and planning of industrial parks, but there is currently a lack of relevant research. In this study, Beijing was taken as a case study. The analysis results showed that (1) the overall spatial distribution of industrial parks in Beijing followed a clustering pattern, with nested spatial distribution pattern, where larger structures contributed 53.96% of the variance; (2) for the overall spatial distribution of industrial parks, kernel density of enterprises was the main influencing factor, which there were synergistic enhancement effects with almost all other influencing factors, especially urban construction, the number of financial institutions, the population density, this can share transportation and other resources, achieving coordinated development. According to these main factors, the prediction model of the future spatial distribution pattern of industrial parks in Beijing was established; (3) for site selection of each industrial park, twenty-two industrial parks near industrial enterprises in Beijing were more affected by industrial enterprise clustering, and the remaining 65 industrial parks were strongly affected by terrain, (4) The industrial parks in the central and southern parts of Beijing presented a relatively high hazard level to the surrounding sensitive receptors. These results provide theoretical support for the development and layout of industrial parks.