Diacylglycerol metabolism and homeostasis in fungal physiology.

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a relatively simple and primitive form of lipid, which does not possess a phospholipid headgroup. Being a central metabolite of the lipid metabolism network, DAGs are omnipresent in all life forms. While the role of DAG has been established in membrane and storage lipid biogenesis, it can impart crucial physiological functions including membrane shapeshifting, regulation of membrane protein activity, and transduction of cellular signalling as a lipid-based secondary messenger. Besides, the chemical diversity of DAGs, due to fatty acyl chain composition, has been proposed to be the basis of its functional diversity. Therefore, cells must regulate DAG level at a spatio-temporal scale for homeostasis and adaptation. The vast network of eukaryotic lipid metabolism has been unravelled majorly by studying yeast models. Here, we review the current understanding and the emerging concepts in metabolic and functional aspects of DAG regulation in yeast. The implications can be extended to understand pathogenic fungi and mammalian counterparts as well as disease aetiology.