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Within-session habituation and salivary cortisol during exposure treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder - A link and an influence of DHEA?
Indian J Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Background: Glucocorticoids increase fear extinction in preclinical and human studies. Endogenous cortisol might influence who will benefit from exposure therapy in anxiety-spectrum disorders.
Methods: To investigate the impact of cortisol levels on within-session habituation of distress - a measure of success of exposure therapy - in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) fifty-one OCD patients were studied during their stressful first cognitive-behavioral exposure therapy session with response prevention.
Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: From the Consensus Conference-Derived Scales to Remote Digital Phenotyping.
Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80135 Naples, Italy.
The assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia has advanced since the 2006 NIMH-MATRICS Consensus Statement, leading to the development of second-generation rating scales like the Brief Negative Symptom Scale and the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms. These scales address the limitations of first-generation tools, such as the inclusion of aspects that are not negative symptoms and the lack of assessment of the subject's internal experience. However, psychometric validation of these scales is still in progress, and they are not yet recommended by regulatory agencies, thus limiting their use in clinical trials and settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeart Rate Variability Predicts Therapy Outcome in Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Inhibitory Learning.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback
January 2025
Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Exposure therapy has been shown to be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, there are individual differences in the extent to which this intervention is effective in reducing symptoms, and a substantial number of patients may experience a return of fear (ROF). The factors associated with successful therapy outcomes are an important topic of investigation as these factors might influence the nature of the interventions as well as enhance our understanding of the process associated with the disorder and its treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-Efficacy Effects on Symptom Experiences in Daily Life and Early Treatment Success in Anxiety Patients.
Clin Psychol Sci
January 2025
Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich.
Self-efficacy is a key construct in behavioral science affecting mental health and psychopathology. Here, we expand on previously demonstrated between-persons self-efficacy effects. We prompted 66 patients five times daily for 14 days before starting cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to provide avoidance, hope, and perceived psychophysiological-arousal ratings.
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