Optimizing hardware configuration for solar powered energy management in battery ultracapacitor hybrid electric vehicles.

The design and construction of an adaptive energy management system incorporating a 12 V-2 Ah battery and a 1F ultracapacitor for solar powered hybrid electric vehicles are presented in this paper. The primary storage battery's longevity and overall system efficiency are intended to be increased by the EMS's ability to forecast driving circumstances and lessen the load on it. The method optimizes power distribution among numerous energy storage sources by using sophisticated hardware configurations. Using Arduino Uno software, the EMS continuously modifies power distribution in response to driving circumstances and vehicle energy needs. To conduct a thorough assessment of the system, a mechanical configuration was created to replicate the vehicle's dynamics. This included situations in which the vehicle moved only by using its moment of inertia and not the accelerator. Testing under diverse operating conditions, such as braking, acceleration, and varying slopes is made possible by this configuration. According to experimental data, peak battery stress is significantly reduced by about 33.33%, resulting in longer battery life. With minimal energy losses of 4.3-4.9%, the system regularly achieves power efficiency ranging from 95.1 to 95.7%. Furthermore, the suggested hardware-based EMS lowers overall energy loss by roughly 10.36%, highlighting its dependability and effectiveness in contrast to traditional techniques. The longevity and efficiency of the system are enhanced by the balanced power distribution between the battery, ultracapacitor, and solar sources, which prevents any one source from being overloaded. Overall, the suggested energy management system is successful in improving energy distribution and extending the lifespan and performance of HEV components.