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Characterization of a novel variant in the NR3C1 gene: differentiating glucocorticoid resistance from Cushing Syndrome. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance syndrome (GGRS) is a rare condition linked to a mutation in the NR3C1 gene, specifically a missense variant affecting the Glucocorticoid Receptor's DNA Binding Domain.
  • A case study detailed a 59-year-old man with high cortisol levels and a misdiagnosis of Cushing disease, ultimately leading to a correct diagnosis of GGRS at age 68.
  • Functional tests on the identified gene variant indicated it had significantly reduced transcriptional activity, emphasizing the need for increased awareness of GGRS to prevent misdiagnosis and harmful treatments.

Article Abstract

Introduction: Primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance syndrome (GGRS) is a rare endocrine disease caused by loss-of-function variants of the NR3C1 gene encoding the Glucocorticoid Receptor. We describe a novel heterozygous missense variant (NM_000176.3, c.1330T>G, p.Phe444Val) within the DNA Binding Domain.

Clinical Case: Elevated urinary-free cortisol levels were detected in a 59-year-old male before bariatric surgery (BMI 39.9 kg/m2). Early-onset hypertension was well controlled. The low dose dexamethasone suppression test was pathologic, but ACTH and midnight salivary cortisol levels were normal. The patient was initially referred to transsphenoidal surgery for a presumed diagnosis of Cushing disease. He presented to our department at the age of 68, when the clinical diagnosis of GGRS was established.

Methods: Functional characterization of the variant was performed ex vivo through transient transfection assays in HEK 293T cells to assess transcriptional activity and nuclear translocation.

Results: The variant showed a lack of transcriptional activity (GRWT: 91.5 [80.5; 101.2] vs. GRF444V: 1.0 [1.0; 1.0]) despite efficient nuclear translocation in response to dexamethasone, suggesting a DNA binding defect of the variant. These results are discussed in the light of previously reported GGRS cases.

Conclusion: We have described a novel heterozygous mutation of the NR3C1 gene associated with primary GGRS. This case highlights the importance of raising awareness of clinical and laboratory features of this rare disorder, to enable early diagnosis and avoid unnecessary and potentially dangerous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae829DOI Listing

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