Temporal changes in lipid concentrations and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among individuals with diabetes, prediabetes, and normal blood glucose from 2011 to 2015.

Background: Dyslipidemia plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the trends in lipid concentrations among Chinese participants with different blood glucose statuses-ranging from DM and prediabetes mellitus (pre-DM) to normal blood glucose levels-between 2011 and 2015. Additionally, this study sought to provide a comprehensive description of the potential temporal changes in the prevalence of dyslipidemia among these populations in China during this period.

Methods: The data for this study were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), encompassing two time points in 2011 and 2015. The 2011 data sample included 11,408 participants aged 45 years and above, whereas the 2015 data sample included 12,224 participants within the same age range.

Results: In this study, a comparative analysis of data from 2011 to 2015 revealed that individuals diagnosed with DM and pre-DM experienced significant decreases in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). For participants with pre-DM, the levels of residual cholesterol (RC) significantly increased, whereas the levels of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Among participants with normal blood glucose, there was a significant decrease in the levels of TC and LDL-C and a significant increase in the levels of triglycerides (TGs), RCs, and the AIP (P < 0.05). Between 2011 and 2015, the concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, RC, and AIP, both unadjusted and adjusted, were significantly higher in individuals with DM than in those with pre-DM and normal blood glucose, with the opposite being true for HDL-C. In 2015, the prevalence of dyslipidemia among participants with DM, pre-DM, and normal blood glucose was 36.56% (95% CI: 34.49%, 38.66%), 15.78% (95% CI: 14.93%, 16.67%), and 11.23% (95% CI: 10.17%, 12.36%), respectively. The results of the present study revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of dyslipidemia in urban areas between 2011 and 2015 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is greater among DM patients, particularly those in the 55-64 years age group. Notably, over the four-year observation period, lipid profiles improved among DM patients and pre-DM patients. However, TG levels remained elevated, especially in the 45-54 years age group.