Early detection of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis in an extremely low birth weight infant using cranial ultrasound-case report and literature review.

Introduction: Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a serious condition in premature infants. Early diagnosis is crucial, as untreated CSVT can progress to severe complications such as delayed-onset intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which could lead to poor outcomes in this population.

Research Question: This case highlights that serial cranial ultrasound can detect CSVT early, enabling prompt treatment and preventing subsequent complications.

Methods And Materials: We present the case of an extremely low birth weight infant diagnosed with CSVT based on cranial ultrasonography findings. The patient had no clinical symptoms or previously detected brain injury.

Results: Anticoagulant therapy was initiated immediately after diagnosis. Clot resolution was observed on cranial ultrasound after 5 days and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the 82 day of life (36 + 4 weeks of gestational age).

Conclusion: This case shows the significant value of cranial ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in premature infants when MRI is not immediately available. Early detection and treatment using ultrasound may help prevent severe complications.