The Medicinal Potential of Rosa centifolia L.: Integrating Botany, Geographical Distribution, Pharmacology, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, and Toxicology.

Rosa centifolia L. is widely used to treat various health issues such as digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular ailments. This study aims to assess the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological research on R. centifolia, combining traditional knowledge with modern computational techniques. A literature survey from 2000 to 2024 using Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus identified relevant studies. Traditionally used in countries such as Morocco, China, India, and across Europe and Asia, R. centifolia L. contains compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, lignans, and steroids. Its extracts demonstrate various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antitussive, vasorelaxant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidepressant, antiulcer, immunostimulatory, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of R. centifolia's therapeutic potential, chemical composition, and safety profile, highlighting its significant potential for treating various diseases and warranting further research.