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Fantastic Frogs and Where to Use Them: Unveiling the Hidden Cinobufagin's Promise in Combating Lung Cancer Development and Progression Through a Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Cinobufagin (CB) is a promising anticancer agent for lung cancer, showing potential through various preclinical studies that highlight its ability to inhibit tumor growth and promote cell death.
  • The review analyzed data from both lab-based (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) studies, finding that CB decreases cell viability while affecting key molecular pathways related to cancer.
  • Despite its effectiveness, limitations like the reliance on lab models, variability in study methodologies, and a lack of long-term safety data suggest more clinical trials are needed to confirm CB's safety and efficacy in humans.

Article Abstract

Cinobufagin (CB), a bufadienolide, has shown promising potential as an anticancer agent, particularly in combating lung cancer. This systematic review synthesizes preclinical evidence on CB's effects against lung cancer, focusing on its mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential clinical implications. We analyzed data from various preclinical studies involving both in vitro cell line models and in vivo animal models. The reviewed studies indicate that CB effectively reduces cell viability, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion across multiple lung cancer cell lines and xenograft models. Specifically, CB was found to decrease cell viability and increase apoptosis in lung cancer cells by modulating key molecular pathways, including Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspases, caveolin-1, FLOT2, Akt, STAT3, and FOXO1. In vivo studies further demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth with minimal toxicity. However, limitations include reliance on in vitro models, which may not fully represent in vivo tumor dynamics, and a lack of long-term safety data. The studies also vary in their methodologies and cell line models, which may not accurately encompass all lung cancer subtypes or predict human responses. Despite these limitations, CB's ability to target specific molecular pathways and its promising results in preclinical models suggest it could be a valuable addition to lung cancer treatment strategies. Our review suggests further clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety in humans. Future research should explore combination therapies and optimize delivery methods to enhance clinical outcomes.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11592936PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16223758DOI Listing

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